Summary 

The article discusses the ways of developing the sectoral structure of the economy from the perspective of S. Glazyev’s concept on the role of technological structures in the development of the economy, and issues of sectoral restructuring are considered taking into account the orientation towards increasing the welfare of the population and reducing poverty. The internal and external economic factors affecting the formation of a modern technological structure are considered, and the development of economic sectors is also considered from the point of view of increasing the level of employment and, thereby, reducing poverty.

In Georgia, as in any other country, the problem of overcoming poverty, in which a certain part of the population lives, is a serious economic task. If we evaluate the level of well-being of Georgia with the level of well-being of other countries, we find that Georgia, in this sense, is not among the leading countries. Hence, it is obvious that the problem of overcoming poverty must be considered in the context of two main directions: the first is the reduction of the level of poverty (increasing the level of well-being) of the country as a whole in comparison with other countries; the second is the reduction of the relative poverty level. However, it is impossible to solve the problem of poverty and increasing the level of well-being, being limited to any measures only at the level of the poorest segments of the population. Overcoming poverty (in terms of the parameters characterizing the level of well-being of the country as a whole and by individual segments of the population) is possible only within the framework of the rapid and effective development of the country's economy as a whole, which determines the need for income growth for all segments of the population (entrepreneurs, employees, pensioners, etc.) etc.) in conditions of relative equalization within certain limits of the incomes of various segments of the population.

The following reasons can be identified, the influence of which must be overcome in order to ensure effective economic restructuring, one of the results of which should be a radical increase in the level of employment in the context of rationalizing its structure in line with the types of activities and, as a result, reducing the poverty level in the country: insufficient overcoming of some consequences of the post-Soviet collapse of the economy; the absence in the subsequent period of a program structure-forming economic policy that reflects the demands presented by modern technology; the impact of the current global financial and economic crisis.

The reasons for the deepening or reduction of the poverty level, in particular and in especially, are manifested and determined by the level and quality of structural parameters (indicators), among which we examined: the influence of the economic structure in the context of activities (taking into account the level of unemployment) on the state of poverty; the impact of the export-import balance and its structure; the impact of intra-sector imbalances (in manufacturing, agriculture, services); the impact of the lack of tightness of production relationships between sectors of the economy, etc.

The levels of poverty and welfare of the population largely depend on the state of such structural parameters of the economy as the level of employment and the distribution of employees by occupation, sectoral structure of the economy, technological level of economic sectors, sectoral structure and the balance of exports and imports. Reducing the level of poverty in the country and increasing the welfare of the population will be greatly facilitated by sectoral restructuring of the economy with a gradual transition to a modern technological structure. It is advisable to outline the ways of modernizing the technological structure with a view to solving the problems of overcoming poverty in the context of the following areas: rehabilitation or technological development of traditional industries; full and rational use of agricultural production capacities; identification of development paths in the country for high-tech industries; identification of development paths for industries in which production is based on the use of key technologies; development of strategies and ways to stimulate the development of relevant sectors of the service sphere; determination of development paths in the country for the development and implementation of innovations. To successfully solve these problems, it is advisable to develop a program document (concept) of economic development in the country with consideration, along with the development paths of industries, and an institutional system (a system of coordinating and facilitating economic development of economic mechanisms) support for such development.